Dirty solar panels can produce significantly less energy than clean panels.
Average losses due to dirt
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Light dust and pollen: 2% to 5% loss
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Heavy soiling (bird droppings, sand): up to 20% loss
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In extreme cases even higher, depending on location and circumstances
Why dirt has such a big impact
Dirt blocks direct sunlight and causes uneven cell loading, which reduces efficiency.
Conclusion
Even light soiling can noticeably reduce efficiency. Regular cleaning pays off!